![]() Using alternate sites may be less painful for the patient but may need a deeper lancet. Ī blood drop sample is usually collected from a fingertip prick.īlood samples can also be sourced from alternate sites such as the earlobe, heel, forearm, and palm. Alternate site testing provides similar results to finger-prick testing, especially when fasting and at two-hour post-meal times. Patients with insulin-dependent diabetes will benefit from regular blood glucose monitoring. Regular daily blood glucose monitoring is recommended for those with diabetes mellitus using insulin therapy.īlood glucose monitoring may support diagnosing and managing the client with impaired glucose metabolism or diabetes. Regular monitoring of blood glucose levels may not be recommended for all patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus on oral antidiabetic drugs or dietary management alone. However, blood glucose monitoring may be warranted during titration of oral hypoglycemic medications known to cause hypoglycemia, such as sulfonylureas. Insulin is used to manage type 1 diabetes mellitus and some cases of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Insulin therapy has the well-known adverse side effect of hypoglycemia if its administration is not managed effectively. Some organs, such as the brain, kidneys, liver, and erythrocytes, do not have insulin receptors and do not require insulin for glucose uptake. These organs, especially the brain, are significantly affected by acute, chronic, or recurrent drops in blood glucose levels morbidity in such situations may be significant. Patients may be diagnosed with diabetes mellitus if their blood glucose levels are high. Patients with impaired blood glucose homeostasis and elevated fasting blood glucose are at high risk for developing diabetes mellitus. In conditions like diabetes mellitus, there is either a lack of insulin or the body does not appropriately respond to the actions of insulin the latter is termed insulin resistance, wherein cellular uptake of glucose or storage of excess glucose is impaired. Dysfunction in the production or uptake of insulin can potentiate impaired blood glucose levels. Homeostasis is influenced by the functional capacity of pancreatic beta-cells and cellular (skeletal muscles, liver, and adipose tissue) sensitivity to insulin. The human body attempts to maintain homeostasis in blood glucose levels (4 to 6 mmol or about 72 to 108 mg/dL). Insulin also inhibits gluconeogenesis in the liver and facilitates the storage of glucose in the form of glycogen (glycogenesis) and fats ( de novo lipogenesis (DNL)), which serve as short- and long-term stores of energy, respectively. In the postprandial phase, insulin facilitates the transportation of glucose from the bloodstream into cells. Pancreatic beta-cells produce insulin in response to elevated blood glucose levels. In the small intestine, glucose molecules are absorbed into the bloodstream and transported to cells across the body, including the liver. Once ingested, food containing carbohydrates is broken down in the gastrointestinal system into simpler sugars such as glucose. Most food products contain complex carbohydrates, which are broken down to supply energy to the cells in our body.
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